A four-stringed plucked instrument in the lute family, larger and deeper than the 中阮 zhōng​ruǎn and similar in shape to the 琵琶 pí​pa.

(literary) A respectful name for 阮籍 ruǎn​jí, a famous poet of the Three Kingdoms period.

(literary) An alternate name for 阮咸 ruǎn​xián, one of the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove.