to do something to someone; to handle or cope with (often used in the negative to mean one cannot do anything about a person)

how; in what way; what can be done (used as a rhetorical question to express helplessness or a lack of options)

(literary) why; for what reason

a way out; a solution or remedy (often appearing in fixed phrases like 莫可奈何 mò​kě​nài​hé)