verb · The 'Filial and Incorrupt' civil service categories in the Han dynasty, which later became a single examination subject during the Ming and Qing dynasties.

在汉代，孝廉是察举制中最重要的科目。

noun · A person who has passed the provincial-level imperial examination (juren) during the Ming and Qing dynasties.

他在乡试中举，成了一名孝廉。