A first-person pronoun used by kings, lords, or rulers in ancient China to refer to themselves. Literally meaning 'person of little virtue', it was used as a humble term of address.

A first-person pronoun used by the wives of feudal lords in ancient China to refer to themselves.

A person who is alone or has no companions; often used in the phrase 孤家寡人 gū​jiā​guǎ​rén.