to become civilized or enter a state of civilization; often used to describe society moving out of a primitive state

to be open-minded or progressive; not bound by old-fashioned or conservative ideas

(of ice, rivers, or the ground) to begin to melt or thaw; to defrost

(of plants or fruit) to blossom, grow large, or reach maturity

Kaihua County in Quzhou 衢州 qú​zhōu, Zhejiang

(of one's mood) to become relaxed or cheerful

to enlighten and educate; to civilize through instruction