Introduces the starting point of a movement, time, or range; from; since

Used before a negative to mean "ever" or "always", indicating that something has been a certain way from the beginning; usually implies "never" or "has never" when followed by a negative.

To obey; to follow a principle, rule, or custom; to listen to

Introduces the basis or perspective for a judgment or action; according to; based on; judging from.

To take part in or be engaged in a profession or activity.

(bound form) to indulge; to pamper; to give free rein to; to be unrestrained

Introduces a route or place passed through; through; via; by way of

(bound form) vertical; longitudinal; lengthwise; north-to-south

To follow someone physically; to go after

(bound form) Secondary; accessory; auxiliary; refers to a person attending to a superior, such as a follower or retainer.

(bound form) Describes relatives who share a common paternal grandfather or earlier ancestor, such as cousins.

A Chinese surname.

(bound form) Only used in the compound 从容 cóng​róng, meaning calm, unhurried, or leisurely

(bound form) to release; to let go; to set free

to leap; to jump up; to spring forward

(literary) even if; even though