how; by what means; in what way

why; how come; for what reason

Used to ask what is wrong or what is happening, often followed by the particle le.

Used in negative sentences with words like 不 bù or 没 méi to mean "not very" or "not much".

Used to mean "however", "whatever", or "no matter how" in sentences where two parts of the sentence mirror each other or when followed by 也 yě or 都 dōu.

Used at the beginning of a sentence to express surprise, meaning "What!" or "How!"

Used to refer to something indefinitely or vaguely, often in negative or interrogative contexts

Used as a placeholder for any manner or way, often in mirrored structures