(literary) to be well-versed in the Confucian classics

A subject in the imperial examinations from the Sui to the Song dynasties, where candidates were tested on their knowledge of the Confucian classics; also refers to someone who passed this examination level

An honorary title for a 贡生 gòng​shēng during the Ming and Qing dynasties who was recommended from local schools to study at the national academy in the capital