the five powerful rulers who held leadership over the other feudal lords during the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC); while lists vary, the most common includes Duke Huan of Qi 齐桓公 qí​huán​gōng, Duke Xiang of Song 宋襄公 sòng​xiāng​gōng, Duke Wen of Jin 晋文公 jìn​wén​gōng, Duke Mu of Qin 秦穆公 qín​mù​gōng, and King Zhuang of Chu 楚庄王 chǔ​zhuāng​wáng