{"type":"character","character":{"character":"書","codepoint":"U+66F8","gloss":"book","iconicGloss":null,"hint":"Phonosemantic compound. 聿 represents the meaning and 者 represents the sound. ","originalMeaning":null,"strokeCountSimp":10,"strokeCountTrad":10,"isVerified":true,"components":[{"hint":null,"type":["meaning"],"character":"聿","pinyin":["yù"],"gloss":"writing brush","iconicGloss":null},{"hint":"","type":["sound"],"character":"者","isGlyphChanged":true,"isOldPronunciation":true,"pinyin":["zhě"],"gloss":"one who...","iconicGloss":null,"historicalPronunciations":[{"gloss":"(nominalizing particle)","pinyin":"zhě","source":"baxter-sagart","oldChinese":"*tAʔ ","middleChinese":"tsyaeX"}]}],"customSources":["漢語多功能字庫|http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E8%81%BF"],"simplifiedVariants":["书"],"traditionalVariants":null,"variantOf":null,"junDaRank":282,"junDaFrequency":151357,"junDaPerMillion":782.190476272178,"subtlexRank":503,"subtlexCount":13360,"subtlexPerMillion":285.22,"subtlexContextDiversity":3636,"hsk2Level":null,"hsk3Level":null,"strokeDataSimp":{"source":"dong","medians":[[[311,691],[357,686],[514,707],[613,729],[655,727],[688,692],[641,553],[616,540]],[[94,565],[145,555],[545,610],[855,636],[899,631],[943,617]],[[309,480],[333,475],[604,513],[661,504]],[[346,380],[382,378],[584,412],[626,414],[649,407]],[[448,827],[488,798],[499,776],[490,343],[472,321]],[[170,268],[226,261],[417,292],[761,329],[799,324],[836,311]],[[301,198],[327,176],[336,158],[380,-48]],[[366,196],[379,185],[622,226],[659,223],[685,212],[705,187],[664,19],[650,-13],[614,-7]],[[385,80],[416,93],[527,110],[573,114],[595,108]],[[399,1],[409,-9],[421,-9],[572,11],[618,10]]],"strokes":["M 657 521 Q 672 572 685 601 L 710 646 Q 722 664 736 674 Q 755 692 740 711 Q 724 726 671 754 Q 652 763 630 755 Q 576 737 527 726 L 468 715 Q 395 705 317 701 Q 301 700 302 691 Q 303 682 322 675 Q 347 663 382 673 Q 425 680 469 686 L 523 694 Q 560 701 600 706 Q 628 712 638 700 Q 648 688 638 635 L 628 599 Q 618 566 608 536 C 599 507 648 492 657 521 Z","M 685 601 Q 710 601 929 602 Q 950 602 955 611 Q 961 623 943 637 Q 886 682 817 664 Q 768 657 710 646 L 638 635 Q 583 629 520 620 L 471 614 Q 296 595 97 575 Q 75 574 91 555 Q 106 540 124 534 Q 146 528 163 533 Q 293 567 442 583 Q 455 586 472 586 L 519 591 Q 568 597 628 599 L 685 601 Z","M 516 482 Q 579 489 659 494 Q 669 495 671 504 Q 671 510 657 521 C 635 540 635 540 608 536 Q 605 536 517 519 L 472 511 Q 384 498 311 491 Q 292 490 303 471 Q 310 462 319 459 Q 329 455 343 458 Q 392 468 472 477 L 516 482 Z","M 512 379 Q 582 389 644 395 Q 669 398 661 412 Q 651 428 624 434 Q 594 440 513 421 L 470 412 Q 403 400 345 390 Q 327 386 347 370 Q 362 358 392 363 Q 431 369 468 373 L 512 379 Z","M 510 319 Q 511 350 512 379 L 513 421 Q 514 452 516 482 L 517 519 Q 517 556 519 591 L 520 620 Q 520 650 522 678 Q 522 687 523 694 L 527 726 Q 528 745 541 793 Q 545 805 523 820 Q 486 839 461 843 Q 445 846 436 837 Q 429 830 437 813 Q 467 770 467 740 Q 467 728 468 715 L 469 686 Q 470 652 471 614 L 472 586 Q 472 550 472 511 L 472 477 Q 471 446 470 412 L 468 373 Q 467 345 466 313 C 465 283 509 289 510 319 Z","M 466 313 Q 330 297 172 277 Q 153 276 167 259 Q 180 246 198 240 Q 217 236 234 239 Q 438 297 823 297 Q 842 297 847 306 Q 851 316 836 330 Q 787 369 750 360 Q 659 342 510 319 L 466 313 Z","M 353 197 Q 340 203 307 209 Q 294 212 291 206 Q 284 200 293 183 Q 326 116 344 7 Q 348 -26 367 -48 Q 386 -70 391 -54 Q 395 -42 395 -26 L 392 6 Q 392 9 380 73 L 376 98 Q 367 147 365 166 C 362 194 362 194 353 197 Z","M 607 -11 Q 608 -12 610 -14 Q 631 -47 649 -55 Q 659 -62 675 -41 Q 690 -16 718 118 Q 728 149 751 175 Q 764 188 753 202 Q 737 220 694 246 Q 678 255 608 239 Q 563 236 353 197 C 324 192 336 159 365 166 Q 453 188 607 206 Q 638 209 653 198 Q 666 188 664 168 Q 640 27 627 12 C 615 -15 601 -3 607 -11 Z","M 380 73 Q 387 72 400 73 Q 509 89 590 98 Q 612 99 605 113 Q 595 126 571 132 Q 547 136 376 98 C 347 92 350 75 380 73 Z","M 395 -26 Q 405 -29 419 -27 Q 480 -15 607 -11 C 637 -10 649 -8 627 12 Q 620 19 606 29 Q 590 39 559 32 Q 466 13 392 6 C 362 3 366 -20 395 -26 Z"]},"strokeDataTrad":{"source":"animcjk","medians":[[[306,692],[651,727],[695,681],[624,519]],[[92,567],[160,557],[835,636],[953,618]],[[305,480],[668,504]],[[340,385],[657,414]],[[438,833],[501,780],[477,308]],[[165,272],[217,260],[755,329],[843,318]],[[296,201],[334,168],[377,-54]],[[355,192],[675,221],[710,181],[649,-50]],[[373,89],[599,112]],[[387,-12],[625,1]]],"strokes":["M657,521C667,555 674,583 685,601C702,631 702,631 710,646C727,678 762,683 740,711C730,722 705,736 671,754C657,761 644,761 630,755C594,743 559,733 527,726C488,719 488,719 468,715C419,706 368,704 317,701C311,701 280,695 322,675C337,668 358,666 382,671C410,678 439,682 469,686C505,691 505,691 523,694C547,698 582,705 600,706C651,712 647,670 638,635C631,611 631,611 628,599C621,577 614,556 608,536C602,520 654,504 657,521Z","M685,601C743,604 814,604 929,602C979,602 954,629 943,637C903,667 863,674 817,664C784,658 748,652 710,646C662,639 662,639 638,635C601,630 562,626 520,620C487,616 487,616 471,614C354,600 229,588 97,575C82,574 79,569 91,555C111,533 140,529 163,533C279,558 374,576 472,586C503,589 503,589 519,591C551,595 588,598 628,599C666,600 666,600 685,601Z","M515,482C556,487 604,492 659,494C669,495 685,499 657,521C644,532 625,539 608,536C606,536 574,530 516,519C486,514 486,514 471,511C437,505 359,496 311,491C292,490 292,468 319,459C348,450 385,468 471,477C500,480 500,480 515,482Z","M512,379C558,386 602,391 644,395C681,400 656,428 624,434C603,439 567,433 513,421C484,415 484,415 470,412C425,403 383,398 345,390C332,388 332,380 347,370C381,348 430,368 468,373C497,377 497,377 512,379Z","M510,319C510,340 511,360 512,379C513,407 513,407 513,421C513,442 514,462 515,482C516,507 516,507 516,519C516,544 518,568 519,591C520,610 520,610 520,620C520,643 520,672 523,694C526,715 526,715 527,726C528,739 531,762 541,793C543,802 537,812 523,820C497,834 476,841 461,843C440,847 421,834 437,813C460,783 466,751 468,715C469,696 469,696 469,686C469,665 470,641 471,614C472,595 472,595 472,586C472,563 471,536 471,511C471,488 471,488 471,477C471,457 471,435 470,412C469,386 469,386 468,373C467,355 466,335 466,313C466,298 510,304 510,319Z","M466,313C375,301 277,290 172,277C159,276 157,271 167,259C185,239 214,234 234,239C370,277 566,297 823,297C853,297 853,316 836,330C802,357 774,366 750,360C689,348 609,333 510,319C481,315 481,315 466,313Z","M353,197C334,204 270,229 293,183C315,139 332,80 344,7C347,-14 354,-33 367,-48C387,-71 394,-54 395,-26C395,-15 394,-4 392,6C387,25 383,52 380,73C377,90 377,90 376,98C370,131 366,154 365,166C363,177 363,193 353,197Z","M617,-11C628,-36 653,-78 675,-41C688,-17 697,30 718,118C722,140 735,158 751,175C759,185 760,194 753,202C742,216 721,229 694,246C677,257 679,252 353,197C342,195 354,164 365,166C423,181 504,194 607,206C645,211 668,196 664,168C648,74 635,22 627,12C623,5 614,-3 617,-11Z","M380,73C399,71 452,85 590,98C620,101 608,128 571,132C543,136 490,124 376,98C368,97 372,73 380,73Z","M395,-26C414,-26 441,-19 617,-11C625,-11 633,6 627,12C584,52 572,31 392,6C381,4 384,-26 395,-26Z"]},"fragmentsSimp":[[0,1,2,3,4],[5,6,7,8,9]],"fragmentsTrad":null,"historicalImages":[{"era":"Mid Western Zhou (~900 BC)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E6%9B%B8_0.png","type":"Bronze","source":"academia-sinica","description":"倗生簋(金)西周中期"},{"era":"Late Western Zhou (~800 BC)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E6%9B%B8_1.png","type":"Bronze","source":"academia-sinica","description":"頌簋(金)西周晚期"},{"era":"Spring and Autumn (771-476 BC)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E6%9B%B8_2.png","type":"Bronze","source":"academia-sinica","description":"欒書缶(金)春秋"},{"era":"Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E6%9B%B8_3.png","type":"Seal","source":"academia-sinica","description":"曾1正(楚)"},{"era":"Shuowen (~100 AD)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E6%9B%B8_4.png","type":"Seal","source":"academia-sinica","description":"說文‧聿部"},{"era":"Qin dynasty (221-206 BC)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E6%9B%B8_5.png","type":"Clerical","source":"academia-sinica","description":"睡虎地簡8.13(隸)秦"},{"era":"Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E6%9B%B8_6.png","type":"Clerical","source":"academia-sinica","description":"夏承碑(隸)東漢"},{"era":"Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E6%9B%B8_7.png","type":"Clerical","source":"academia-sinica","description":"熹.公羊.僖廿八年(隸)東漢"}],"historicalPronunciations":[{"gloss":"write","pinyin":"shū","source":"baxter-sagart","oldChinese":"*s-ta ","middleChinese":"syo"}],"shuowenExplanation":"《說文》：“書，箸也。从聿，者聲。”","shuowenPronunciation":"商魚切","shuowenPinyin":"shu","pinyinFrequencies":[{"count":1446,"pinyin":"shū"}],"pinyin":["shū"]},"componentUses":[],"commonWords":[{"simplified":"书","traditional":"書","pinyin":"shu1","gloss":"book","definition":"a book, volume, or published work","perMillion":213.2},{"simplified":"书记","traditional":"書記","pinyin":"shu1 ji5","gloss":"secretary","definition":"chief official of a branch of a socialist or communist party","perMillion":70.3147172444618},{"simplified":"读书","traditional":"讀書","pinyin":"du2 shu1","gloss":"study","definition":"to study or attend school","perMillion":39.087915486811},{"simplified":"证书","traditional":"證書","pinyin":"zheng4 shu1","gloss":"certificate","definition":"official documents or credentials certifying a fact, qualification, or status","perMillion":26.5866148644557},{"simplified":"图书","traditional":"圖書","pinyin":"tu2 shu1","gloss":"books","definition":"books (especially those kept in a library or bookstore)","perMillion":24.0696350683277},{"simplified":"图书馆","traditional":"圖書館","pinyin":"tu2 shu1 guan3","gloss":"library","definition":"library","perMillion":23.6399586270811},{"simplified":"秘书长","traditional":"秘書長","pinyin":"mi4 shu1 zhang3","gloss":"secretary-general","definition":"secretary-general","perMillion":23.0214688670915},{"simplified":"副书记","traditional":"副書記","pinyin":"fu4 shu1 ji5","gloss":"deputy secretary","definition":"deputy secretary","perMillion":21.3205025250194},{"simplified":"秘书","traditional":"秘書","pinyin":"mi4 shu1","gloss":"secretary","definition":"secretary","perMillion":19.8224773055683},{"simplified":"看书","traditional":"看書","pinyin":"kan4 shu1","gloss":"study","definition":"to study or engage in academic reading","perMillion":16.6979488306493},{"simplified":"书面","traditional":"書面","pinyin":"shu1 mian4","gloss":"written","definition":"in writing; in written form","perMillion":16.6099421726585},{"simplified":"总书记","traditional":"總書記","pinyin":"zong3 shu1 ji5","gloss":"general secretary","definition":"general secretary (of the Communist Party)","perMillion":14.6903135427481},{"simplified":"书籍","traditional":"書籍","pinyin":"shu1 ji2","gloss":"books","definition":"books or literary works collectively","perMillion":13.3235281856357},{"simplified":"书店","traditional":"書店","pinyin":"shu1 dian4","gloss":"bookstore","definition":"bookstore","perMillion":11.3315609509073},{"simplified":"说明书","traditional":"說明書","pinyin":"shuo1 ming2 shu1","gloss":"manual","definition":"technical manual, book of directions, or patent specification","perMillion":11.130053853492},{"simplified":"书法","traditional":"書法","pinyin":"shu1 fa3","gloss":"calligraphy","definition":"the art, technique, or style of beautiful and stylized handwriting, especially as a formal discipline","perMillion":11.1290978366882},{"simplified":"书写","traditional":"書寫","pinyin":"shu1 xie3","gloss":"write","definition":"to write","perMillion":9.36923023709547},{"simplified":"通知书","traditional":"通知書","pinyin":"tong1 zhi1 shu1","gloss":"notice","definition":"written notice","perMillion":8.51890640219341},{"simplified":"教科书","traditional":"教科書","pinyin":"jiao4 ke1 shu1","gloss":"textbook","definition":"textbook","perMillion":7.83317679367245},{"simplified":"书画","traditional":"書畫","pinyin":"shu1 hua4","gloss":"painting and calligraphy","definition":"Painting and calligraphy","perMillion":7.5217277638245},{"simplified":"书房","traditional":"書房","pinyin":"shu1 fang2","gloss":"study","definition":"a room in a house used for reading, writing, or academic work; a scholar's studio","perMillion":7.35617752063963},{"simplified":"副秘书长","traditional":"副秘書長","pinyin":"fu4 mi4 shu1 zhang3","gloss":"deputy secretary-general","definition":"deputy secretary-general; vice-secretary","perMillion":6.9339898776892},{"simplified":"书包","traditional":"書包","pinyin":"shu1 bao1","gloss":"schoolbag","definition":"a bag used for carrying books and school supplies, typically used by students","perMillion":6.43765782040251},{"simplified":"教书","traditional":"教書","pinyin":"jiao1 shu1","gloss":"teach","definition":"to teach; to work as a teacher","perMillion":6.02},{"simplified":"文书","traditional":"文書","pinyin":"wen2 shu1","gloss":"document","definition":"official documents, correspondence, or written materials","perMillion":5.79362116693453},{"simplified":"书生","traditional":"書生","pinyin":"shu1 sheng1","gloss":"egghead","definition":"a bookish intellectual, often implying a lack of practical knowledge or experience","perMillion":5.34413393303221},{"simplified":"书呆子","traditional":"書呆子","pinyin":"shu1 dai1 zi5","gloss":"bookworm","definition":"a person who is exceptionally devoted to reading and study","perMillion":5.34},{"simplified":"尚书","traditional":"尚書","pinyin":"Shang4 shu1","gloss":"Book of History","definition":"the Book of History (one of the Five Classics), also known as Shujing","perMillion":5.2903845438429},{"simplified":"书本","traditional":"書本","pinyin":"shu1 ben3","gloss":"books","definition":"book (chiefly used to refer to a plurality of books or books in general)","perMillion":5.1206384491304},{"simplified":"协议书","traditional":"協議書","pinyin":"xie2 yi4 shu1","gloss":"contract","definition":"a written legal document or formal agreement between parties detailing specific terms","perMillion":4.42088726082093},{"simplified":"支书","traditional":"支書","pinyin":"zhi1 shu1","gloss":"secretary","definition":"secretary of a branch of the Communist Party or the Communist Youth League","perMillion":4.16791459213645},{"simplified":"报告书","traditional":"報告書","pinyin":"bao4 gao4 shu1","gloss":"report","definition":"written report","perMillion":3.97118757873999},{"simplified":"情书","traditional":"情書","pinyin":"qing2 shu1","gloss":"love letter","definition":"love letter","perMillion":3.96858508855197},{"simplified":"丛书","traditional":"叢書","pinyin":"cong2 shu1","gloss":"series","definition":"a series or collection of books published under a unified title","perMillion":3.80080413949166},{"simplified":"上书","traditional":"上書","pinyin":"shang4 shu1","gloss":"petition","definition":"to write a formal letter or present a petition to the authorities","perMillion":3.75613690993809},{"simplified":"书架","traditional":"書架","pinyin":"shu1 jia4","gloss":"bookshelf","definition":"bookshelf","perMillion":3.59950949025501},{"simplified":"遗书","traditional":"遺書","pinyin":"yi2 shu1","gloss":"testament","definition":"a letter or document written before death, such as a will or suicide note","perMillion":3.34},{"simplified":"书信","traditional":"書信","pinyin":"shu1 xin4","gloss":"letter","definition":"a written message or piece of correspondence, typically sent by mail","perMillion":3.27334842403804},{"simplified":"书记处","traditional":"書記處","pinyin":"shu1 ji5 chu4","gloss":"secretariat","definition":"secretariat","perMillion":3.13716914154655},{"simplified":"白皮书","traditional":"白皮書","pinyin":"bai2 pi2 shu1","gloss":"white paper","definition":"an official government report or policy document, often outlining proposals for new legislation","perMillion":3.13605378860882},{"simplified":"念书","traditional":"念書","pinyin":"nian4 shu1","gloss":"study","definition":"to attend school or pursue an education","perMillion":3.13},{"simplified":"藏书","traditional":"藏書","pinyin":"cang2 shu1","gloss":"collection","definition":"a library collection or an accumulated set of books","perMillion":2.87622966616404},{"simplified":"书名","traditional":"書名","pinyin":"shu1 ming2","gloss":"title","definition":"the title of a book","perMillion":2.83},{"simplified":"新华书店","traditional":"新華書店","pinyin":"Xin1 hua2 Shu1 dian4","gloss":"Xinhua Bookstore","definition":"China's largest bookstore chain","perMillion":2.80251014818503},{"simplified":"议定书","traditional":"議定書","pinyin":"yi4 ding4 shu1","gloss":"protocol","definition":"a formal international agreement or diplomatic document, often serving as a supplement to a treaty","perMillion":2.58979640934788},{"simplified":"书桌","traditional":"書桌","pinyin":"shu1 zhuo1","gloss":"desk","definition":"desk","perMillion":2.57455325253233},{"simplified":"书院","traditional":"書院","pinyin":"shu1 yuan4","gloss":"academy","definition":"academy of classical learning in imperial China (Tang Dynasty - Qing Dynasty)","perMillion":2.49143290264965},{"simplified":"书评","traditional":"書評","pinyin":"shu1 ping2","gloss":"review","definition":"book review; book notice","perMillion":2.46105281310787},{"simplified":"起诉书","traditional":"起訴書","pinyin":"qi3 su4 shu1","gloss":"indictment","definition":"a formal legal document that sets out the charges against a defendant; statement of charges","perMillion":2.34250672944132},{"simplified":"书刊","traditional":"書刊","pinyin":"shu1 kan1","gloss":"publications","definition":"books and periodicals; publications","perMillion":2.31632249142716}],"deletedComponentGlyphs":null,"wordData":{"simplified":"书","traditional":"書","senses":[{"id":408901,"simplified":"书","traditional":"書","pinyin":"shu1","gloss":"book","definition":"a book, volume, or published work","example":"我买了一本新书。","variantPinyin":[],"posTags":["n","v","q","u","w"],"source":"cedict","occurrences":539,"sentenceCount":537,"exampleSentenceHtml":"我买了一本新书。"},{"id":408903,"simplified":"书","traditional":"書","pinyin":"shu1","gloss":"letter","definition":"a letter or piece of correspondence","example":"他收到了朋友托人带回的一封亲笔书。","variantPinyin":[],"posTags":["n"],"source":"cedict","occurrences":2,"sentenceCount":2,"exampleSentenceHtml":"他收到了朋友托人带回的一封亲笔书。"},{"id":408904,"simplified":"书","traditional":"書","pinyin":"shu1","gloss":"write","definition":"to write, compose, or practice calligraphy","example":"他提笔在宣纸上书了一个大大的“龙”字。","variantPinyin":[],"posTags":["Vg","n"],"source":"cedict","occurrences":2,"sentenceCount":2,"exampleSentenceHtml":"他提笔在宣纸上书了一个大大的“龙”字。"},{"id":408902,"simplified":"书","traditional":"書","pinyin":"shu1","gloss":"document","definition":"an official document, certificate, or script","example":"请仔细阅读这份说明书。","variantPinyin":[],"posTags":["n"],"source":"cedict","occurrences":1,"sentenceCount":1,"exampleSentenceHtml":"请仔细阅读这份说明书。"}],"references":[{"id":483,"sourceSimplified":"书","sourceTraditional":"書","sourcePinyin":"shu1","targetSimplified":"册","targetTraditional":"冊","targetPinyin":"ce4","type":"classifier","source":"cedict"},{"id":484,"sourceSimplified":"书","sourceTraditional":"書","sourcePinyin":"shu1","targetSimplified":"本","targetTraditional":"本","targetPinyin":"ben3","type":"classifier","source":"cedict"},{"id":485,"sourceSimplified":"书","sourceTraditional":"書","sourcePinyin":"shu1","targetSimplified":"部","targetTraditional":"部","targetPinyin":"bu4","type":"classifier","source":"cedict"},{"id":486,"sourceSimplified":"书","sourceTraditional":"書","sourcePinyin":"Shu1","targetSimplified":"书经","targetTraditional":"書經","targetPinyin":"Shu1 jing1","type":"abbreviation","source":"cedict"}],"frequency":{"subtlexPerMillion":213.2,"subtlexContextDiversityPct":37,"bccPerMillion":189.66427992252574,"hsk2Level":1,"hsk3Level":1}}}