(bound form) numerous; many; multitudinous, usually used when referring to the masses of people as in 烝民 zhēng​mín or 烝黎 zhēng​lí

(literary) to cook or heat food with steam

(literary) to present or offer up, such as an offering to ancestors

(archaic) a traditional ancestral sacrifice held during the winter season

(literary) to have illicit sexual relations with an older female family member

(archaic) a torch made from hemp stalks or bamboo; finely chopped firewood

(literary) of hot air or steam, to rise up; to evaporate

(archaic) [an introductory particle used at the beginning of a sentence in classical texts]