suffering; pain; a difficult or miserable situation or circumstance

hard; painful; experiencing or causing physical or mental distress

with great effort, persistence, or patience

having a sharp, pungent taste like that of coffee or unsweetened cocoa; the opposite of 甜 tián

to be troubled by a specific condition or situation; to feel distressed by something

to bring hardship or pain to someone; to make things difficult for others

a Chinese surname

to an excessive degree; very much