grass; straw; herbs; plants with non-woody stems

(bound form) a draft of a document; a preliminary sketch or manuscript

careless; hasty; rough; sloppy

cursive or shorthand style of writing characters, as in 狂草 kuáng​cǎo or 行草 xíng​cǎo

(bound form) to draft; to prepare a manuscript; to start or create

(bound form) the wilderness; the common people; rustic or rural areas

(bound form) female (of domestic animals or poultry)

(vulgar) to fuck; to screw

a Chinese surname