(bound form) physical matter; substance; the material essence of an object

quality; character; the fundamental nature of something or the standard of excellence of a product or work

(bound form) to question; to confront or call to account based on facts

(bound form) a person or thing held as a pledge or security; a hostage

(bound form) plain; simple; unassuming in character

(bound form) to pawn; to pledge; to use something as collateral for a loan

a Chinese surname

(literary) an archery target; a bullseye

(literary) an introductory gift presented to a superior