time word, verb, noun · In the context of Chinese history, the period from the Opium Wars in the mid-19th century until the May 4th Movement in 1919.

鸦片战争标志着中国近代史的开端。

time word · The not-very-distant past or modern times, typically excluding the most recent decades.

近代科学的进步对人类产生了深远的影响。

time word · The era of capitalist development, often referring to the period in China prior to the founding of the PRC in 1949.

这是近代资本主义生产方式下的产物。