This; these. 1. Pronoun referring to a person, thing, or situation nearby or just mentioned. 2. Determiner used before a classifier or noun to specify a nearby person or thing.

Used before a verb or adjective to add a sense of exaggeration or vividness to a description.

Refers to the present moment or the time that has just occurred; often used for emphasis to mean "right now" or "at this point".

Used in combination with 那 nà to refer to various unspecified things or actions