逆向整合
nì​xiàng​zhěng​hé

backward integration

  • created sense approved 逆向整合 · nì​xiàng​zhěng​hé · backward integration — "Initial import from upstream dictionary"

    逆向整合

    nì​xiàng​zhěng​hé

    backward integration

    A development model or business strategy where downstream industries or companies expand into midstream and upstream sectors (e.g., from processing to raw materials)

    逆向 (literal) → 逆向 · nì​xiàng · reverse direction 整合 (literal) → 整合 · zhěng​hé · to integrate

    Changed: simplified, traditional, gloss, definition, pinyin, variant pinyin, variants, separable parts, decomposition

    created sense