the repetition of a character to strengthen a description or create a poetic effect; a reduplicated word or phrase

(literary) to say something repeatedly or to emphasize a point through repetition

the act of stuttering or repeating sounds while speaking

(literary) speech or writing that is highly respected and carries authority (originally referring to a style of writing in the Zhuangzi)

to take speech seriously or to be faithful to one's promises

(literary) sincere, earnest, or weighty advice or words