(1612–1673) Famous landscape painter of the early Qing dynasty; born in Hunan, he became a Buddhist monk after the fall of the Ming dynasty and lived in Nanjing. Known for his dense and vigorous style, he is celebrated as one of the Four Monk Masters of the early Qing alongside 石涛 shí​tāo, 朱耷 zhū​dā, and 弘仁 hóng​rén.