social system based on public ownership of the means of production, often regarded as the first stage of [[共产主义|共產主義|gong4 chan3 zhu3 yi4]]

An economic and social system based on private ownership of the means of production and the creation of value through wage labor

The system of political and economic theories founded by [[马克思|馬克思|ma3 ke4 si1]] and [[恩格斯|恩格斯|en1 ge2 si1]]; it includes Marxist philosophy, political economy, and scientific socialism.

A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy, economic force, or military strength; also refers to the highest stage of capitalism in Marxist theory.

American imperialism; US imperialism; a term used in political contexts to refer to the expansionism or hegemony of the United States

Social system and stage of human development characterized by common ownership of the means of production and the absence of social classes; political and economic ideology or doctrine established by [[马克思|馬克思|ma3 ke4 si1]] and [[恩格斯|恩格斯|en1 ge2 si1]]

Ideological trend in the socialist movement that seeks to alter or reject core principles of Marxism; specifically the gradualist reform theories proposed by Eduard Bernstein.

the belief in loyalty and love for one's own country; political ideology that prioritizes national interests

Marxism-Leninism, the ideological union of Marxism and Leninism; often abbreviated as [[马列主义|馬列主義|ma3 lie4 zhu3 yi4]]

terrorism; the use of violence, such as bombings or hijackings, to achieve political aims

racism; ethnocentrism; a belief or theory that inherent differences in human races determine individual or cultural achievement, often used to justify the rule of one race over others

The core political ideology of the Soviet Union based on the theories of Karl Marx and Vladimir Lenin.

humanitarianism; humanism; a philosophy that values human life and emphasizes equality, mutual aid, and the universal happiness of all people

bureaucratism; a leadership or work style detached from reality and the people, often marked by self-interest and arbitrary decision-making

Political ideology or policy of placing a country under military control and subordinating all aspects of national life to the goals of military aggression and war; characterized by internal oppression and external expansion.

colonialism; the policy of a powerful nation extending its control over weaker countries or territories for exploitation

A practical way of thinking or acting based on objective facts and actual circumstances rather than ideals.

democracy as a political ideology; democratism

materialism; the philosophical doctrine that physical matter is the primary reality and that consciousness is a product of matter; opposed to [[唯心主义|唯心主義|wei2 xin1 zhu3 yi4]]

nationalism; national self-determination; the principle of organizing a single state based on a shared ethnic or national identity

An approach that prioritizes outward appearance, procedure, or form while ignoring the actual content, substance, or spirit; going through the motions.

the belief that emphasizes the autonomy and importance of the individual over authority or the group

A political and social ideology that advocates for individual liberty, free competition, and limited government interference in private life and the economy

The principle of prioritizing the collective interests of the community or group over individual interests; a fundamental tenet of socialist and communist ethics that opposes selfishness while still respecting personal development.

stage of revolution in colonies or semi-colonies that transits to socialism according to Maoist theory

a social system and ideology based on land ownership by landlords and the exploitation of the peasantry

The policy or practice of seeking to dominate other nations and exert power over their sovereignty and interests.

An artistic and literary movement emphasizing emotion, individual imagination, and the ideal over the realistic; often contrasted with [[现实主义|現實主義|xian4 shi2 zhu3 yi4]].

the philosophical doctrine that reality is a product of the mind or consciousness, rather than being material

The political and economic theories developed by Vladimir Lenin, based on Marxism, regarding imperialism, socialist revolution, and the dictatorship of the proletariat.

Theory in Marxist philosophy that views the world as material and in a constant state of change through the struggle of opposites; the combination of materialism and dialectics.

doctrinairism; an attitude of blindly following theories or principles without regard for practical reality or changes in circumstances

The ideology or social philosophy that advocates for absolute equality in working conditions, living standards, and compensation; also known as [[绝对平均主义|絕對平均主義|jue2 dui4 ping2 jun1 zhu3 yi4]].

Social and political ideology that opposes all forms of state power and authority, advocating for voluntary cooperation

The New Democratic Revolution, a Maoist concept referring to the Chinese Communist-led movement against imperialism, feudalism, and bureaucratic capitalism from 1919 to 1949.

The belief that money is omnipotent; a worldview where money is the ultimate measure of all values, thoughts, and actions.

A way of thinking or acting based solely on personal impressions and desires rather than objective facts.

A person who supports or believes in the principles of communism

The belief or attitude that the world is more good than bad and that the future is full of hope and success

The political philosophy developed by [[孙中山|孫中山|sun1 zhong1 shan1]], comprising [[民族主义|民族主義|min2 zu2 zhu3 yi4]], [[民权主义|民權主義|min2 quan2 zhu3 yi4]], and [[民生主义|民生主義|min2 sheng1 zhu3 yi4]].

a person who advocates or practices socialism

The ethical theory, primarily associated with Jeremy Bentham, that actions are right if they maximize utility, happiness, or pleasure

a follower of revisionism, especially one who seeks to modify fundamental Marxist or socialist principles

sectarianism; factionalism. A mindset or behavior that prioritizes the interests of a small group or faction over the whole, often involving cronyism and the exclusion of outsiders.

The intellectual movement originating in the Renaissance that emphasizes human dignity, reason, and secular education

Selfish departmentalism; a worldview or behavior where one prioritizes the interests of their own unit, department, or field of expertise over the collective good.

Heroism; the spirit of showing bravery, tenacity, and self-sacrifice to complete a noble mission or protect the interests of others.

the policy of a country acting alone on foreign affairs without consulting other nations or considering international factors

The practice of putting practical success and the use of favorable circumstances above fixed principles or morals; pragmatism.