- 百家争鸣 bǎijiāzhēngmíng contending schoolsa hundred schools of thought contend (idiom); refers to the classical philosophic schools of the Warring States period 475-221 BC
- 百花齐放，百家争鸣 bǎihuāqífàng, bǎijiāzhēngmíng diversity of thoughta hundred flowers bloom, a hundred schools of thought contend; refers to the classical philosophic schools of the Warring States period and Mao Zedong's 1956 campaign