wǔkǒutōngshāng
opening of the five treaty ports
五口通商 wǔkǒutōngshāng
- opening of the five treaty ports
- The historical opening of five Chinese ports to foreign trade following the 1842 南京条约 nánjīngtiáoyuē; the ports included 广州 guǎngzhōu, 福州 fúzhōu, 宁波 níngbō, 厦门 xiàmén, and 上海 shànghǎi