- 俄国人 éguórén Russian, MuscoviteRussian person; a Russian national
- 沙皇俄国 shāhuáng'éguó Tsarist RussiaThe Russian Empire under the rule of the Tsars (1721–1917)
- 苏维埃俄国 sūwéi'āi'éguó Soviet RussiaSoviet Russia (1917-1922), referring to the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) prior to the formation of the Soviet Union (USSR)