An optical instrument that breaks complex light into its component wavelengths for study and measurement; used to determine the chemical composition of substances.

Method of determining the chemical composition and structure of a substance by analyzing its light spectrum; includes techniques such as emission, absorption, and fluorescence spectroscopy.

An electromagnetic spectrum that contains all colors from red to violet in an unbroken sequence, typically emitted by incandescent solids, liquids, or high-pressure gases

a visual representation of the spectrum of frequencies of a signal as it varies with time

an instrument used to measure properties of light over a specific portion of the electromagnetic spectrum

The study of the spectra of celestial bodies in order to determine their chemical composition and physical properties