The beginning or earliest level in the development of a process or system, often used in the context of the primary stage of socialism

A middle school providing the first three years of secondary education. Often shortened to [[初中|初中|chu1 zhong1]]. In Taiwan, these schools were formally renamed to [[国民中学|國民中學|guo2 min2 zhong1 xue2]].

(abbreviation) elementary agricultural production cooperative; a form of rural labor organization in China during the early 1950s where members earned income through labor and dividends based on land or other resources contributed

high school entrance examination taken by students graduating from junior middle school

the sector of an economy making direct use of natural resources, including agriculture, forestry, fishing, and mining

A raw material or commodity that has not yet been processed or has only undergone minimal initial processing

early form of socialist collective farming in China where land was pooled but still privately owned

first year of junior high school

A junior primary school for the first four years of elementary education, often abbreviated as [[初小|初小|chu1 xiao3]]

Refers to energy found in nature that has not been processed or converted, such as coal, oil, natural gas, hydropower, or uranium.

a book for beginners to learn to read; primer

A small social group whose members share close, personal, and enduring relationships, such as a family or a neighborhood; it has the most significant influence on the development of personality and social identity.

the third year of junior high school