- 刮 verbto scrapeTo scrape with a blade or tool to remove a surface layer or smooth an object; to shave; to wipe or brush against.
- 垢 noundirt(bound form) dirt; filth; grime, such as buildup on teeth or skin
- to polishto rub, grind, or use a tool (such as a grinding wheel) on the surface of an object to make it smooth, shiny, or burnished