- 古文明 gǔwénmíng ancient civilization
- 今古文 jīngǔwén classical text studiesHan dynasty scholarly tradition involving the study and rewriting of Confucian classics (the 'New Text' and 'Old Text' schools)
- 古文字学 gǔwénzìxué paleography
- 古文观止 Gǔwén Guānzhǐ Guwen GuanzhiAn anthology of essays written in Literary Chinese, compiled and edited by Wu Chucai and Wu Diaohou of the Qing dynasty.
- 古文运动 gǔwényùndòng classical prose movementA cultural movement aspiring to study and emulate classic works at different periods of history, especially during the Tang and Song dynasties.