A word or phrase used as a substitute for another name or idea; a representative or symbol of a particular quality

a newly created word or phrase; a new term that has not yet entered widespread or common usage

A pronoun used to refer to a person or group of people, such as [[我|我|wo3]] or [[你|你|ni3]]

a pronoun that introduces a clause and refers back to a noun mentioned earlier, such as "who" or "which" in English

A noun that refers to a physical object or material substance that can be perceived with the senses; the opposite of an [[抽象名词|抽象名詞|chou1 xiang4 ming2 ci2]].

A verb form used in place of a noun, typically referring to an action as a concept.

a noun that refers to a person, animal, or other living being

countable or count noun, often used when discussing the grammar of Western languages

proper noun; proper name

A noun expressing a quality, state, or concept rather than a concrete object, such as [[智慧|智慧|zhi4 hui4]] or [[道德|道德|dao4 de2]].

A word used to point to a specific person or thing being referred to, such as [[这|這|zhe4]] (near) or [[那|那|na4]] (far)

A noun that refers to general things or people rather than specific, named entities; contrasted with [[专有名词|專有名詞|zhuan1 you3 ming2 ci2]].

A word used to ask a question that replaces a noun, such as [[谁|誰|shei2]], [[什么|什麼|shen2 me5]], or [[哪|哪|na3]]

A noun that refers to a group or collection of individuals or things, such as [[军队|軍隊|jun1 dui4]] or [[树林|樹林|shu4 lin2]]

uncountable noun; mass noun

a noun that refers to a non-living thing

name of a specific person, place, or organization