Theory in Marxist philosophy that views the world as material and in a constant state of change through the struggle of opposites; the combination of materialism and dialectics.

Theory developed by Marx and Engels that explains social development and history through material and economic conditions; also called [[唯物史观|唯物史觀|wei2 wu4 shi3 guan1]]

A philosophical school of thought that acknowledges the material world but explains all phenomena through purely mechanical laws; it views the world in a fragmented and static way, failing to account for social and historical development.