- 启蒙运动 qǐméngyùndòng the EnlightenmentThe European intellectual and cultural movement of the 17th and 18th centuries that promoted reason, humanism, and science over feudal tradition and religious authority
- 启蒙主义 qǐméngzhǔyì EnlightenmentThe Enlightenment; the intellectual and philosophical movement of the 17th and 18th centuries in Europe.
- 启蒙哲学 qǐméngzhéxué Enlightenment philosophyThe philosophical movement that dominated intellectual thought in 17th and 18th century Europe, characterized by an emphasis on reason, freedom, and the rejection of tradition.
- 启蒙时代 qǐméngshídài Age of EnlightenmentThe 17th and 18th century European intellectual movement that emphasized reason and individual liberty