having many people and abundant resources; populous and affluent

(literary) the multitude of common people; plebeians

common people; ordinary citizens; the masses

(literary) the son of a concubine; also used for any son other than the first-born son of the primary wife

(literary) used to express hope that something might happen, meaning "if only" or "one hopes that"

(literary) the common people; the masses; the populace

general business matters or miscellaneous clerical work within an organization; often used in a traditional or administrative context

In old China, the term used by children to refer to their father's concubine or secondary wife.

(literary) the son of a concubine (as opposed to the legal wife's son)

(bound form) name of an ancient official position; originally an attendant or advisor to a ruler, crown prince, or prime minister during the Warring States period, later established as a regular post serving the crown prince in subsequent dynasties

(literary) common people; the general public; the masses

the elite families (shìzú) and commoner families (shùzú), referring to the social classes of the aristocracy and the common people

(literary) it is to be hoped that; almost; nearly; close to

various tasks or administrative duties; general matters

the masses of ordinary people

(literary) to be born of a concubine rather than the first wife

Honorary title conferred upon successful candidates of the imperial civil-service examination during the Ming and Qing dynasties who were selected for temporary study at the [[翰林院|翰林院|han4 lin2 yuan4]] until the subsequent examination.

Wife of a son born of a concubine, or (archaic) the wives of sons other than the firstborn heir, distinguishing them from the wife of the legal firstborn son [[嫡妇|嫡婦|di2 fu4]]

a secondary wife in a polygamous system; concubine

a surname different from that of the royal house; used in ancient times to refer to feudal lords who were not blood relatives of the king

sons of a man other than the primary wife's eldest son; multiple sons of a ruler

(archaic) a concubine

the collective or numerous administrative and political tasks of a government

every kind of thing or creature; all of creation

The worship of natural objects like the sun, water, fire, or animals as gods or spirits.

the myriad things in existence; all living beings or objects

various kinds of delicious food or delicacies; a wide variety of fine dishes

the ordinary people or the masses

the people; the masses of common people

(literary) an ancient concept from the Book of Rites suggesting that ordinary people are not expected to perform complex ceremonial rituals because they are preoccupied with labor and lack the necessary resources; rites do not extend to the common people

the people of a nation under a monarch or ruler

numerous; very many; abundant