恐慌
kǒng​huāng HSK7

panic

恐 kǒng fear

Phonosemantic compound. 心 represents the meaning and 巩 represents the sound.

Components

巩
巩 Sound component
gǒng secure, bind
心
心 Meaning component
xīn, xin heart

Character Evolution

Bronze form
Bronze Late Warring States ~250 BC
Seal form
Seal Warring States (Chu) 475-221 BC
Seal form
Seal Shuowen ~100 AD
Seal form
Seal Shuowen ~100 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Qin 221-206 BC
Clerical form
Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Eastern Han 25-220 AD
Regular Modern

Historical Pronunciations

Middle ChineseOld ChineseGloss
Baxter-SagartkhjowngXkʰ(r)oŋʔ fear

說文解字

《說文》：“恐，懼也。从心，巩聲。，古文。”

Sources

Character origin
漢語多功能字庫
Readings & variants
Unicode
Historical pronunciations
Baxter-Sagart
Historical images
Academia Sinica
Etymology
Shuowen Jiezi (說文解字)

慌 huāng, huang nervous

Phonosemantic compound. 忄 represents the meaning and 荒 represents the sound.

Components

忄
忄 Meaning component
xin, xīn heart

忄 is a component form of 心.

荒
荒 Sound component
huāng wasteland

Historical Pronunciations

Middle ChineseOld ChineseGloss
Baxter-SagartxwangXm̥ ˤaŋʔconfused
Zhengzhanghmaːŋ
hmaːŋʔ

Sources

Readings & variants
Unicode
Historical pronunciations
Baxter-SagartZhengzhang Shangfang