zhí​niù

stubborn

zhí hold in hand Simplified

Original meaning: seize

Simplified form of . Pictograph of a person with hands () bound by shackles (). Based on the original meaning "seize". The meaning later shifted to "wield power", "carry out", and "hold".

Components

Simplified component
shou, shǒu hand

Shorthand for the component in the traditional character .

Iconic component
catch

Depicts a person with two hands outstretched.

Component uses

Sound (1 of 8 verified)

Meaning (0 of 2 verified)

Simplified (1)

Sources

Character origin
漢語多功能字庫
Readings & variants
Unicode

ào to pull

Components

Meaning component
shou, shǒu hand

hand

Sound component
yòu young, infant

Character Evolution

Seal form
Seal Shuowen ~100 AD
Regular Modern

Historical Pronunciations

Old Chinese
Zhengzhangqrɯːwʔ
qrɯːws

說文解字

手拉也。从手幼聲。

Sources

Readings & variants
Unicode
Historical pronunciations
Zhengzhang Shangfang
Historical images
Academia Sinica

zhí hold in hand Traditional

Original meaning: seize

Pictograph of a person with hands () bound by shackles (). Based on the original meaning "seize". The meaning later shifted to "wield power", "carry out", and "hold".

Components

Iconic component
niè, xìng instrument of torture used in ancient times

Depicts shackles.

Iconic component
catch

Depicts a person with two hands outstretched.


Character Evolution

Oracle form
Oracle Bone ~1250-1000 BC
Oracle form
Oracle Bone ~1250-1000 BC
Oracle form
Oracle Bone ~1250-1000 BC
Bronze form
Bronze Early Western Zhou ~1000 BC
Bronze form
Bronze Mid Western Zhou ~900 BC
Bronze form
Bronze Late Western Zhou ~800 BC
Bronze form
Bronze Late Western Zhou ~800 BC
Bronze form
Bronze Late Western Zhou ~800 BC
Bronze form
Bronze Late Warring States ~250 BC
Seal form
Seal Warring States (Chu) 475-221 BC
Seal form
Seal Warring States (Chu) 475-221 BC
Seal form
Seal Shuowen ~100 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Spring and Autumn 771-476 BC
Clerical form
Clerical Qin 221-206 BC
Clerical form
Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Eastern Han 25-220 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Eastern Han 25-220 AD
Regular Modern

Component uses

Sound (0 of 5 verified)

Meaning (0 of 1 verified)

Historical Pronunciations

Middle ChineseOld ChineseGloss
Baxter-Sagarttsyip[t]ip seize

說文解字

《說文》:“執,捕罪人也。从丮,从,亦聲。”

Sources

Character origin
漢語多功能字庫
Readings & variants
Unicode
Historical pronunciations
Baxter-Sagart
Historical images
Academia Sinica