to hold; to seize; to catch; to take in one's hand; to capture

Used between a verb and its result to show that the action cannot achieve that result; used as the negative form of the 得 de potential construction

Used after a verb to indicate upward movement.

to hold; to handle; to have control over something, such as power or a final decision

Used between a verb and its result to show that the action cannot achieve that result; used as the negative form of the 得 de potential construction

Used after a verb or adjective to indicate the start and continuation of an action, or the achievement of a result or state