Used to show how someone or something is regarded or handled, often in the pattern "take A as B".

Shows that an action is currently happening or that a state is continuing; often appears before a second verb to show how the second action is being done.

To regard as; to treat as; to take for; to think (mistakenly)

(archaic) an arrow-shaped token used in ancient Chinese military to signify command or authority

Used to show how someone or something is regarded or handled, often in the pattern "take A as B".

Shows that an action is currently happening or that a state is continuing; often appears before a second verb to show how the second action is being done.

something small and unimportant; trivial

To regard as; to treat as; to take for; to think (mistakenly)

an instruction or pretext used to justify one's actions, especially in the idiom 拿着鸡毛当令箭 ná​zhe​jī​máo​dàng​lìng​jiàn