(historical) High-ranking military official in the Ming and Qing dynasties who managed military affairs and governed various towns within a province.

(historical) provincial educational commissioner during the Qing dynasty, responsible for managing education and examinations; also known as 大宗师 dà​zōng​shī, 学道 xué​dào, 学台 xué​tái, or 文宗 wén​zōng