the Chinese tamarisk; also known as [[柽柳|檉柳|cheng1 liu3]]

The first modern Chinese drama society, founded in Tokyo in 1906; it played a key role in the [[新文化运动|新文化運動|xin1 wen2 hua4 yun4 dong4]] and later became the [[新剧同志会|新劇同志會|xin1 ju4 tong2 zhi4 hui4]]

The Spring Willow Society; a pioneering Chinese theatrical and literary group founded in Tokyo in 1906. Led by figures such as [[李叔同|李叔同|li3 shu1 tong2]] and [[欧阳予倩|歐陽予倩|ou1 yang2 yu3 qian4]], it played a key role in the New Culture Movement and introduced modern spoken drama to China.