- 大肠杆菌 dàchánggǎnjūn E. coliEscherichia coli (E. coli)
- 结核杆菌 jiéhégǎnjūn tubercle bacillus
- 枯草杆菌 kūcǎogǎnjūn hay bacillusBacillus subtilis
- 嗜酸乳杆菌 shìsuānrǔgǎnjūn lactobacillus acidophilusLactobacillus acidophilus
- 布氏杆菌病 bùshìgǎnjūnbìng brucellosisbrucellosis (undulant fever or Mediterranean fever)
- 幽门螺旋杆菌 yōuménluóxuángǎnjūn Helicobacter pyloriHelicobacter pylori (a type of bacterium found in the stomach)
- 幽门螺杆菌 yōuménluógǎnjūn Helicobacter pyloriHelicobacter pylori (stomach bacterium)
- 李斯特氏杆菌 Lǐsītèshìgǎnjūn Listerialisteria bacillus
- 炭疽杆菌 tànjūgǎnjūn anthrax bacteriumanthrax bacterium (Bacillus anthracis)
- 白喉杆菌 báihóugǎnjūn diphtheria bacteriumKlebs-Loeffler bacillus (the bacterium that causes diphtheria)
- 肉毒杆菌 ròudúgǎnjūn botulinumClostridium botulinum
- 肉毒杆菌毒素 ròudúgǎnjūndúsù botulinum toxin
- 肉毒梭状芽孢杆菌 ròudúsuōzhuàngyábāogǎnjūn Clostridium botulinumClostridium botulinum, a bacterium that produces the neurotoxin botulinum.
- 蜡样芽孢杆菌 làyàngyábāogǎnjūn Bacillus cereus(microbiology) Bacillus cereus
- 乳杆菌 rǔgǎnjūn lactobacillus
- 鼠疫杆菌 shǔyìgǎnjūn Yersinia pestisthe bacterium that causes bubonic plague
- 仙人掌杆菌 xiānrénzhǎnggǎnjūn Bacillus cereus(microbiology) Bacillus cereus
- 军团杆菌 jūntuángǎnjūn legionellalegionella bacteria
- 嗜血杆菌 shìxuègǎnjūn haemophilusA genus of Gram-negative, pathogenic bacteria that require blood-derived factors for growth.