inflammation of the mucous membrane in the sinuses, typically causing symptoms such as headache, nasal congestion, and runny nose

Dou Jiande (573–621), a leader of the peasant uprisings at the end of the Sui Dynasty who established the Xia Kingdom in modern-day Hebei; he was eventually defeated and executed by the Tang.

(literary) a cause for suspicion; a suspicious point; a doubtful spot

The first awakening of love, often used to describe a young person or teenager experiencing romantic feelings for the first time.

Matteo Ricci (1552-1610), an Italian Jesuit missionary and scholar in Ming China; he was a key figure in early cultural exchange between China and the West who co-translated [[几何原本|幾何原本|ji3 he2 yuan2 ben3]] with [[徐光启|徐光啟|xu2 guang1 qi3]]

The hollow, air-filled cavities in the bones around the nasal passage, also known as the paranasal sinus; they help regulate the temperature and humidity of inhaled air and affect the resonance of the voice.

Dou Ying (died 131 BC), a major government official and general of the Western Han dynasty who was the nephew of Empress Dou and served as chancellor under Emperor Wu

the pocket of air located in the skull bone behind the forehead; frontal sinus

sinusitis; antritis

(?-92 AD) Dou Xian, a powerful general and politician during the Eastern Han Dynasty; he was known for a massive military victory against the Xiongnu and for having his achievements carved on a cliff by the historian [[班固|班固|ban1 gu4]].

Dou Wu (?-168), a high-ranking official and general during the Eastern Han dynasty who attempted to dismantle the power of court eunuchs alongside Chen Fan.

(bound form) the awakening of sexual or romantic interest; interest in love matters

hole in a wall for a dog to pass through

paranasal sinus; the medical term for [[鼻窦|鼻竇|bi2 dou4]]

mastoid antrum; the air space in the mastoid bone behind the middle ear

dog hole wide open; a mocking way to describe the gap caused by missing teeth, especially in children or elderly people

Feng Doubo (1672-), also known as [[冯武|馮武|feng2 wu3]], a famous calligrapher active during the transition between the Ming and Qing dynasties

Matteo Ricci (1552–1610), an influential Italian Jesuit missionary and translator who lived in China during the Ming Dynasty

a hole in a wall shaped like a ritual jade tablet (pointed at the top and square at the bottom), used as a small door or window

a loophole or opening that allows for malpractice, abuses, or corrupt acts; defects or flaws in a system

Matthew; Saint Matthew the Evangelist; Catholic Church variant of [[马太|馬太|ma3 tai4]]

The Gospel according to St. Matthew in the New Testament of the Bible.

Famous Yuan dynasty play by [[关汉卿|關漢卿|guan1 han4 qing1]] about a woman wrongly executed for a crime she did not commit

cellar or crypt

(anatomy) a sinus or abnormal fistula in the body

(literary) a household living in extreme poverty; a humble home with a wicker gate and a small hole in the wall for a door

(idiom) a wicker door and a hole in the wall used as a window; describes the wretched hovel of a poor person or living in extreme poverty

a wicker door and a small hole in the wall used as a window; refers to a wretched hovel or a family living in extreme poverty

sphenoidal sinus; one of the paired sinuses located within the body of the sphenoid bone

(idiom) to close doors and block openings; to be strongly fortified for defense

(physiology) the dilated area at the base of the carotid artery in the neck that helps regulate blood pressure and breathing