{"type":"character","character":{"character":"竈","codepoint":"U+7AC8","gloss":"furnace","iconicGloss":null,"hint":null,"originalMeaning":null,"strokeCountSimp":21,"strokeCountTrad":21,"isVerified":null,"components":[{"hint":"hole","type":["meaning"],"character":"穴","pinyin":["xué","jué"],"gloss":"cave","iconicGloss":null},{"type":["sound"],"character":"鼀","pinyin":null,"gloss":null,"iconicGloss":null}],"customSources":null,"simplifiedVariants":["灶"],"traditionalVariants":null,"variantOf":null,"junDaRank":2691,"junDaFrequency":2891,"junDaPerMillion":14.9402582431131,"subtlexRank":3461,"subtlexCount":72,"subtlexPerMillion":1.54,"subtlexContextDiversity":55,"hsk2Level":null,"hsk3Level":null,"strokeDataSimp":{"source":"dong","medians":[[[444,868],[513,844],[549,811]],[[251,776],[258,761],[258,734],[219,673],[213,625]],[[289,743],[297,734],[313,733],[613,784],[743,795],[771,788],[793,762],[741,695]],[[392,726],[403,715],[401,698],[351,644],[306,612]],[[571,759],[589,743],[591,697],[604,679],[651,673],[694,686],[716,683]],[[364,612],[405,606],[565,636],[624,634]],[[480,707],[494,700],[512,676],[507,600],[497,574]],[[327,535],[349,531],[391,536],[585,568],[637,571],[672,564]],[[249,465],[264,454],[282,419],[312,295]],[[277,466],[309,456],[403,478],[645,516],[702,517],[723,502],[732,480],[707,409],[683,392]],[[324,325],[334,334],[408,349],[418,356]],[[580,343],[592,353],[680,368],[724,364]],[[527,475],[555,461],[559,444],[555,35]],[[412,460],[446,427],[447,193],[458,70],[484,18],[520,-12],[567,-29],[638,-35],[770,-22],[855,2],[872,13],[881,157]],[[281,229],[298,242],[402,264],[415,253]],[[224,260],[250,233],[256,210],[282,29]],[[288,143],[299,154],[346,167],[397,171]],[[300,62],[331,76],[412,91],[432,79]],[[577,259],[587,267],[697,292],[731,286],[746,260],[706,87]],[[580,183],[590,195],[625,202],[666,197]],[[575,89],[586,98],[671,107],[686,118]]],"strokes":["M 547 801 L 549 801 Q 551 802 553 802 Q 568 811 548 851 Q 539 869 494 876 Q 457 881 437 874 Q 435 871 435 866 L 436 862 Q 439 853 466 839 Q 482 831 514 811 Q 533 800 547 801 Z","M 280 749 Q 272 772 260 782 Q 245 795 241 772 Q 245 756 239 743 Q 225 715 194 690 Q 190 686 188 678 Q 182 655 198 620 Q 198 619 200 617 Q 214 601 227 620 Q 237 639 278 727 C 284 739 284 739 280 749 Z","M 409 735 Q 453 751 563 760 L 592 766 Q 690 784 726 780 Q 730 779 733 778 Q 757 773 753 759 L 739 703 Q 733 694 735 689 Q 743 682 759 696 Q 780 712 806 725 L 853 749 Q 860 753 860 757 Q 857 766 797 808 Q 779 821 711 809 L 280 749 C 250 745 252 742 278 727 Q 282 725 284 723 Q 301 711 320 714 Q 324 715 385 731 L 409 735 Z","M 385 731 Q 388 723 380 709 L 369 692 Q 351 661 304 619 Q 301 617 300 613 Q 297 608 302 608 Q 341 608 424 690 Q 433 700 421 721 Q 413 735 409 735 C 384 752 382 753 385 731 Z","M 563 760 Q 564 758 574 700 Q 577 651 664 661 Q 695 664 710 668 Q 729 675 726 686 Q 723 694 694 707 Q 690 708 687 708 Q 680 708 665 698 Q 646 684 623 688 L 612 692 Q 607 696 606 707 L 606 712 L 612 743 Q 613 759 592 766 C 564 777 559 780 563 760 Z","M 529 612 Q 549 615 618 623 Q 620 623 625 625 Q 640 631 625 643 Q 615 649 604 653 Q 581 661 537 647 Q 534 646 534 645 L 488 634 L 368 618 Q 357 617 357 612 Q 358 610 361 606 Q 374 592 413 591 Q 444 600 490 606 L 529 612 Z","M 521 574 Q 527 608 529 612 L 534 645 Q 534 649 538 662 Q 547 692 533 702 Q 517 711 490 718 Q 484 719 478 717 Q 465 713 474 700 Q 483 686 488 634 L 490 606 L 490 568 C 490 538 516 544 521 574 Z","M 490 568 Q 377 555 322 542 Q 314 540 318 535 L 323 527 Q 334 514 354 515 L 382 519 Q 592 553 667 557 Q 685 558 679 568 Q 662 601 521 574 L 490 568 Z","M 272 472 L 269 472 L 267 472 Q 255 474 253 474 L 243 473 Q 237 467 241 459 Q 261 419 280 353 Q 292 310 303 297 Q 319 278 321 293 L 322 313 Q 322 318 321 319 L 319 341 Q 304 407 300 437 C 296 467 295 471 272 472 Z","M 718 379 Q 731 406 743 427 L 772 473 Q 778 484 774 492 Q 772 496 767 500 Q 749 519 721 539 Q 711 550 629 525 Q 539 514 412 491 Q 309 472 272 472 C 242 471 270 432 300 437 Q 308 437 318 440 Q 367 455 406 463 L 429 466 Q 435 471 519 480 L 559 486 Q 617 496 647 498 Q 687 501 696 490 Q 696 488 695 476 Q 689 435 675 385 C 667 356 705 352 718 379 Z","M 321 319 L 327 319 Q 383 331 425 335 C 455 338 452 351 424 363 Q 421 365 416 365 Q 387 368 319 341 C 291 330 291 319 321 319 Z","M 576 337 L 592 337 Q 659 347 719 355 Q 722 355 724 355 Q 737 357 733 364 Q 729 374 718 379 L 675 385 Q 662 385 577 360 C 548 352 546 337 576 337 Z","M 536 427 L 536 184 Q 534 108 539 61 Q 541 49 543 41 Q 547 27 557 28 Q 568 39 570 84 L 572 106 Q 575 143 575 176 L 574 202 L 574 253 L 575 278 Q 575 308 576 337 L 577 360 Q 577 378 578 394 L 584 463 Q 581 476 559 486 C 533 501 506 507 519 480 Q 534 452 536 427 Z","M 425 335 Q 425 331 426 270 L 426 247 L 428 200 Q 428 157 433 108 L 439 75 Q 453 -12 529 -43 Q 599 -67 696 -59 L 710 -59 Q 760 -57 808 -49 Q 911 -33 921 -12 Q 929 0 920 18 Q 904 67 894 145 Q 892 155 888 161 Q 881 174 876 163 Q 875 163 873 155 Q 840 45 829 36 Q 817 20 745 6 Q 668 -8 610 -8 L 604 -8 Q 525 -8 486 51 Q 457 106 472 355 L 474 435 Q 466 453 429 466 C 402 479 401 480 406 463 Q 407 453 411 447 Q 423 416 424 363 L 425 335 Z","M 426 270 Q 414 286 395 282 L 381 280 Q 322 261 274 250 C 245 243 249 212 278 221 Q 325 236 426 247 C 444 249 444 249 426 270 Z","M 274 250 Q 270 253 263 256 Q 229 269 222 266 Q 221 265 220 265 Q 215 261 221 241 L 231 210 Q 241 171 253 94 Q 259 49 272 31 Q 286 10 291 25 Q 295 37 295 57 L 294 78 Q 292 88 287 137 L 284 160 L 278 220 Q 277 221 278 221 C 276 249 276 249 274 250 Z","M 287 137 Q 298 139 396 160 Q 410 164 408 172 Q 399 189 377 190 Q 353 190 284 160 C 256 148 258 131 287 137 Z","M 295 57 Q 303 56 312 56 Q 385 71 439 75 C 469 77 463 104 433 108 Q 419 110 415 110 Q 388 110 294 78 C 266 68 265 60 295 57 Z","M 686 90 Q 701 57 721 80 Q 731 93 743 145 Q 759 214 774 243 Q 782 251 782 259 Q 782 277 739 311 Q 736 312 734 313 Q 723 317 697 308 Q 633 286 575 278 C 545 274 544 249 574 253 Q 582 253 613 261 Q 686 278 700 276 Q 706 275 709 272 Q 713 270 713 255 Q 713 253 712 241 Q 700 153 692 122 C 685 93 685 92 686 90 Z","M 575 176 Q 611 182 663 187 Q 681 190 675 202 Q 672 207 668 210 Q 640 233 574 202 C 547 189 545 171 575 176 Z","M 570 84 Q 580 82 586 82 Q 648 90 686 90 C 716 90 720 111 692 122 L 684 125 Q 663 129 572 106 C 543 99 541 89 570 84 Z"]},"strokeDataTrad":{"source":"dong","medians":[[[444,868],[513,844],[549,811]],[[251,776],[258,761],[258,734],[219,673],[213,625]],[[289,743],[297,734],[313,733],[613,784],[743,795],[771,788],[793,762],[741,695]],[[392,726],[403,715],[401,698],[351,644],[306,612]],[[571,759],[589,743],[591,697],[604,679],[651,673],[694,686],[716,683]],[[364,612],[405,606],[565,636],[624,634]],[[480,707],[494,700],[512,676],[507,600],[497,574]],[[327,535],[349,531],[391,536],[585,568],[637,571],[672,564]],[[249,465],[264,454],[282,419],[312,295]],[[277,466],[309,456],[403,478],[645,516],[702,517],[723,502],[732,480],[707,409],[683,392]],[[324,325],[334,334],[408,349],[418,356]],[[580,343],[592,353],[680,368],[724,364]],[[527,475],[555,461],[559,444],[555,35]],[[412,460],[446,427],[447,193],[458,70],[484,18],[520,-12],[567,-29],[638,-35],[770,-22],[855,2],[872,13],[881,157]],[[281,229],[298,242],[402,264],[415,253]],[[224,260],[250,233],[256,210],[282,29]],[[288,143],[299,154],[346,167],[397,171]],[[300,62],[331,76],[412,91],[432,79]],[[577,259],[587,267],[697,292],[731,286],[746,260],[706,87]],[[580,183],[590,195],[625,202],[666,197]],[[575,89],[586,98],[671,107],[686,118]]],"strokes":["M 547 801 L 549 801 Q 551 802 553 802 Q 568 811 548 851 Q 539 869 494 876 Q 457 881 437 874 Q 435 871 435 866 L 436 862 Q 439 853 466 839 Q 482 831 514 811 Q 533 800 547 801 Z","M 280 749 Q 272 772 260 782 Q 245 795 241 772 Q 245 756 239 743 Q 225 715 194 690 Q 190 686 188 678 Q 182 655 198 620 Q 198 619 200 617 Q 214 601 227 620 Q 237 639 278 727 C 284 739 284 739 280 749 Z","M 409 735 Q 453 751 563 760 L 592 766 Q 690 784 726 780 Q 730 779 733 778 Q 757 773 753 759 L 739 703 Q 733 694 735 689 Q 743 682 759 696 Q 780 712 806 725 L 853 749 Q 860 753 860 757 Q 857 766 797 808 Q 779 821 711 809 L 280 749 C 250 745 252 742 278 727 Q 282 725 284 723 Q 301 711 320 714 Q 324 715 385 731 L 409 735 Z","M 385 731 Q 388 723 380 709 L 369 692 Q 351 661 304 619 Q 301 617 300 613 Q 297 608 302 608 Q 341 608 424 690 Q 433 700 421 721 Q 413 735 409 735 C 384 752 382 753 385 731 Z","M 563 760 Q 564 758 574 700 Q 577 651 664 661 Q 695 664 710 668 Q 729 675 726 686 Q 723 694 694 707 Q 690 708 687 708 Q 680 708 665 698 Q 646 684 623 688 L 612 692 Q 607 696 606 707 L 606 712 L 612 743 Q 613 759 592 766 C 564 777 559 780 563 760 Z","M 529 612 Q 549 615 618 623 Q 620 623 625 625 Q 640 631 625 643 Q 615 649 604 653 Q 581 661 537 647 Q 534 646 534 645 L 488 634 L 368 618 Q 357 617 357 612 Q 358 610 361 606 Q 374 592 413 591 Q 444 600 490 606 L 529 612 Z","M 521 574 Q 527 608 529 612 L 534 645 Q 534 649 538 662 Q 547 692 533 702 Q 517 711 490 718 Q 484 719 478 717 Q 465 713 474 700 Q 483 686 488 634 L 490 606 L 490 568 C 490 538 516 544 521 574 Z","M 490 568 Q 377 555 322 542 Q 314 540 318 535 L 323 527 Q 334 514 354 515 L 382 519 Q 592 553 667 557 Q 685 558 679 568 Q 662 601 521 574 L 490 568 Z","M 272 472 L 269 472 L 267 472 Q 255 474 253 474 L 243 473 Q 237 467 241 459 Q 261 419 280 353 Q 292 310 303 297 Q 319 278 321 293 L 322 313 Q 322 318 321 319 L 319 341 Q 304 407 300 437 C 296 467 295 471 272 472 Z","M 718 379 Q 731 406 743 427 L 772 473 Q 778 484 774 492 Q 772 496 767 500 Q 749 519 721 539 Q 711 550 629 525 Q 539 514 412 491 Q 309 472 272 472 C 242 471 270 432 300 437 Q 308 437 318 440 Q 367 455 406 463 L 429 466 Q 435 471 519 480 L 559 486 Q 617 496 647 498 Q 687 501 696 490 Q 696 488 695 476 Q 689 435 675 385 C 667 356 705 352 718 379 Z","M 321 319 L 327 319 Q 383 331 425 335 C 455 338 452 351 424 363 Q 421 365 416 365 Q 387 368 319 341 C 291 330 291 319 321 319 Z","M 576 337 L 592 337 Q 659 347 719 355 Q 722 355 724 355 Q 737 357 733 364 Q 729 374 718 379 L 675 385 Q 662 385 577 360 C 548 352 546 337 576 337 Z","M 536 427 L 536 184 Q 534 108 539 61 Q 541 49 543 41 Q 547 27 557 28 Q 568 39 570 84 L 572 106 Q 575 143 575 176 L 574 202 L 574 253 L 575 278 Q 575 308 576 337 L 577 360 Q 577 378 578 394 L 584 463 Q 581 476 559 486 C 533 501 506 507 519 480 Q 534 452 536 427 Z","M 425 335 Q 425 331 426 270 L 426 247 L 428 200 Q 428 157 433 108 L 439 75 Q 453 -12 529 -43 Q 599 -67 696 -59 L 710 -59 Q 760 -57 808 -49 Q 911 -33 921 -12 Q 929 0 920 18 Q 904 67 894 145 Q 892 155 888 161 Q 881 174 876 163 Q 875 163 873 155 Q 840 45 829 36 Q 817 20 745 6 Q 668 -8 610 -8 L 604 -8 Q 525 -8 486 51 Q 457 106 472 355 L 474 435 Q 466 453 429 466 C 402 479 401 480 406 463 Q 407 453 411 447 Q 423 416 424 363 L 425 335 Z","M 426 270 Q 414 286 395 282 L 381 280 Q 322 261 274 250 C 245 243 249 212 278 221 Q 325 236 426 247 C 444 249 444 249 426 270 Z","M 274 250 Q 270 253 263 256 Q 229 269 222 266 Q 221 265 220 265 Q 215 261 221 241 L 231 210 Q 241 171 253 94 Q 259 49 272 31 Q 286 10 291 25 Q 295 37 295 57 L 294 78 Q 292 88 287 137 L 284 160 L 278 220 Q 277 221 278 221 C 276 249 276 249 274 250 Z","M 287 137 Q 298 139 396 160 Q 410 164 408 172 Q 399 189 377 190 Q 353 190 284 160 C 256 148 258 131 287 137 Z","M 295 57 Q 303 56 312 56 Q 385 71 439 75 C 469 77 463 104 433 108 Q 419 110 415 110 Q 388 110 294 78 C 266 68 265 60 295 57 Z","M 686 90 Q 701 57 721 80 Q 731 93 743 145 Q 759 214 774 243 Q 782 251 782 259 Q 782 277 739 311 Q 736 312 734 313 Q 723 317 697 308 Q 633 286 575 278 C 545 274 544 249 574 253 Q 582 253 613 261 Q 686 278 700 276 Q 706 275 709 272 Q 713 270 713 255 Q 713 253 712 241 Q 700 153 692 122 C 685 93 685 92 686 90 Z","M 575 176 Q 611 182 663 187 Q 681 190 675 202 Q 672 207 668 210 Q 640 233 574 202 C 547 189 545 171 575 176 Z","M 570 84 Q 580 82 586 82 Q 648 90 686 90 C 716 90 720 111 692 122 L 684 125 Q 663 129 572 106 C 543 99 541 89 570 84 Z"]},"fragmentsSimp":[[0,1,2,3,4],[5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20],[8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20]],"fragmentsTrad":null,"historicalImages":[{"era":"Qin dynasty (221-206 BC)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E7%AB%88_0.png","type":"Bronze","source":"academia-sinica","description":"秦公簋(金)春秋中期"},{"era":"Late Spring and Autumn (~500 BC)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E7%AB%88_1.png","type":"Bronze","source":"academia-sinica","description":"郘弋黑鐘(金)春秋晚期"},{"era":"Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E7%AB%88_2.png","type":"Seal","source":"academia-sinica","description":"包簽(楚)"},{"era":"Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E7%AB%88_3.png","type":"Seal","source":"academia-sinica","description":"望1.139(楚)"},{"era":"Shuowen (~100 AD)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E7%AB%88_4.png","type":"Seal","source":"academia-sinica","description":"說文‧穴部"},{"era":"Shuowen (~100 AD)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E7%AB%88_5.png","type":"Seal","source":"academia-sinica","description":"說文或體"},{"era":"Qin dynasty (221-206 BC)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E7%AB%88_6.png","type":"Clerical","source":"academia-sinica","description":"睡虎地簡42.192(隸)秦"},{"era":"Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E7%AB%88_7.png","type":"Clerical","source":"academia-sinica","description":"居延簡甲2117(隸)西漢"}],"historicalPronunciations":[{"gloss":"cooking-place, stove","pinyin":"zào","source":"baxter-sagart","oldChinese":"*[ts]ˤuk-s ","middleChinese":"tsawH"}],"shuowenExplanation":"《說文》：“穴黽，炊竈也。从穴，鼀省聲。，竈或不省。”","shuowenPronunciation":"則到切","shuowenPinyin":"zao","pinyinFrequencies":null,"pinyin":["zào"]},"componentUses":[],"commonWords":[{"simplified":"吃小灶","traditional":"吃小竈","pinyin":"chi1 xiao3 zao4","gloss":"special treatment","definition":"to receive preferential treatment or individualized instruction, often in an educational or professional context","perMillion":0.1446240975914},{"simplified":"重起炉灶","traditional":"重起爐竈","pinyin":"chong2 qi3 lu2 zao4","gloss":"restart","definition":"to start over from scratch (idiom)","perMillion":0.0539618373679261},{"simplified":"分灶吃饭","traditional":"分竈吃飯","pinyin":"fen1 zao4 chi1 fan4","gloss":"fiscal decentralization","definition":"literally 'meals prepared at separate stoves', a slogan for the program of fiscal decentralization that began in the 1980s in the PRC","perMillion":0},{"simplified":"跨灶","traditional":"跨竈","pinyin":"kua4 zao4","gloss":"surpass father","definition":"to surpass one's father","perMillion":0}],"deletedComponentGlyphs":null,"wordData":{"simplified":"灶","traditional":"竈","senses":[],"references":[{"id":5621,"sourceSimplified":"灶","sourceTraditional":"竈","sourcePinyin":"zao4","targetSimplified":"灶","targetTraditional":"灶","targetPinyin":"zao4","type":"variant","source":"cedict"}],"referencedSenses":[{"simplified":"灶","traditional":"灶","pinyin":"zao4","referenceType":"variant","senses":[{"id":488790,"simplified":"灶","traditional":"灶","pinyin":"zao4","gloss":"stove","definition":"kitchen stove or cooking range; the kitchen area","example":"灶里的火烧得很旺。","variantPinyin":[],"posTags":["n"],"source":"cedict","occurrences":2,"exampleSentenceHtml":"灶里的火烧得很旺。"},{"id":488789,"simplified":"灶","traditional":"灶","pinyin":"zao4","gloss":"canteen","definition":"a communal kitchen, mess hall, or collective eating facility","example":"他在单位的大灶吃午饭。","variantPinyin":[],"posTags":["n"],"source":"cedict","occurrences":0,"exampleSentenceHtml":"他在单位的大灶吃午饭。"}]}],"frequency":{"subtlexPerMillion":0.78,"subtlexContextDiversityPct":0,"bccPerMillion":11.742541952435806}}}