Economic system where the production and prices of goods and services are determined by the free market rather than the government

the collective sum of production, distribution, and consumption activities within a country or region; includes both industrial sectors and non-productive sectors like education and healthcare

economic benefits; economic efficiency or performance; the ratio between the input of resources and the resulting output in economic activity

economics as a field of study or science; the study of how society manages its scarce resources

an expert who studies or works in the field of economics

A system where the state manages the economy according to a unified plan, typically based on public ownership; contrasted with a [[市场经济|市場經濟|shi4 chang3 jing1 ji4]].

The collective management methods, organizational forms, and institutions through which a country manages its economic activities.

An area within a country or region that operates under special economic laws and management systems to attract foreign investment and technology.

A type of economy where the means of production are owned by the state; in a socialist context, it refers to an economy owned by the whole people and plays a leading role in economic development.

referring to a product or service that is designed to be affordable or low-cost

A state of economic disorder or collapse, often characterized by high unemployment, business failures, and falling production.

The overarching economic order of a nation, including the rules and measures established by a state for managing economic matters

political economy; the branch of social science that deals with the relationship between political and economic processes, specifically the laws governing the production and distribution of material wealth in human society

The business and financial world; those involved in economic activity or concerned with the economy or economics.

economy class; the standard cabin on an airplane or ship with the lowest fares and basic service

The legal framework and regulations used by a state to manage and adjust economic activities and relationships between organizations and entities.

A forest or group of trees cultivated primarily for economic gain, such as for the production of fruit, oil, medicine, charcoal, or industrial raw materials

Economic Daily; a major Chinese national newspaper focused on economic news

Ministry of Economic Affairs; the government department responsible for national economic development and administration.

A type of economy based on small-scale farming by individual owners or families using their own labor

a maritime area in which a coastal state has sovereign rights over the resources and economic activities, typically extending 200 nautical miles from its coast

An agreement or protocol defining the rights and obligations of legal persons, individual businesses, or citizens in socio-economic activities to achieve specific economic goals.

minister of economy; economic minister

not economical; wasteful; inefficient in terms of time, effort, or money

the branch of economics that studies the behavior and performance of an economy as a whole

to turn into an economic matter; to make something economic in nature; the process of becoming economic in nature or structure

an economy; a country, region, or other entity viewed as a single economic unit

State Economic and Trade Commission of the People's Republic of China, a ministerial-level agency that previously oversaw economic and industrial policies

European Economic Community (EEC), the predecessor to the European Union

Crops grown specifically for their high economic value or to provide raw materials for light industries; examples include cotton, tobacco, sugar beets, and oilseeds

The study of the spatial distribution of human economic activities and their development, including industries such as agriculture, mining, transportation, and commerce.

The total production relations at a certain stage of historical development, comprising ownership, human relations in production, and distribution; serves as the basis for the [[上层建筑|上層建築|shang4 ceng2 jian4 zhu4]].

A state of economic turmoil caused by an imbalance between production and consumption, leading to fluctuating prices, business failures, and rising unemployment; also known as [[经济危机|經濟危機|jing1 ji4 wei1 ji1]].

Economic region in eastern China including Shanghai, Zhejiang, and Jiangsu; centered around the Yangtze River Delta

Haixi Economic Zone, a development area focused on Fujian Province and neighboring regions to promote economic cooperation across the Taiwan Strait

the Industrial Development Bureau under the Ministry of Economic Affairs, often referring to the government agency in Taiwan responsible for industrial policy and development

an economy that focuses on international trade and producing goods for sale to other countries

the study of the economy and economic development in urban areas

economic activities related to agriculture and rural production

the study of the relationship between economic processes and geography; regional economy

A type of economy categorized by natural geographical areas; also called [[区域经济|區域經濟|qu1 yu4 jing1 ji4]] or [[地缘经济|地緣經濟|di4 yuan2 jing1 ji4]]

the public sector of the economy; state-owned or publicly managed economic activity

The study of the economic behavior of individual consumers and firms; the branch of economics that focuses on individual parts of the economy

the total of all economic activities involving illegal transactions or activities conducted specifically to evade taxes and maximize profits

The period of national economic recovery in the People's Republic of China, specifically from 1949 to 1952

A business model where consumer spending spikes during public holidays, driving growth in sectors like tourism, retail, and catering. and catering.

A collective term for various forms of non-state-owned economic sectors, including collective, cooperative, individual, and private enterprises as well as non-governmental joint-stock companies

The Nihon Keizai Shimbun, a prominent Japanese financial newspaper; often compared to the Financial Times or The Wall Street Journal.