basic biological unit of all organisms; typically consisting of a nucleus, cytoplasm, and a membrane

A fellow citizen or member of the same ethnic group.

twins; two children born at the same birth from one mother

a type of small white blood cell produced in the bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen that plays a key role in the immune system; lymph cell

red blood cell; erythrocyte. Also known as [[红血球|紅血球|hong2 xue4 qiu2]] in Taiwan.

An undifferentiated cell capable of giving rise to indefinitely more cells of the same type, and from which certain other kinds of cell arise by differentiation, such as blood cells

white blood cell; leukocyte

cell that makes up a malignant tumor; characterized by rapid growth, abnormal shape, and the ability to spread to other parts of the body

granulocyte; a type of white blood cell that has small granules

Taiwanese compatriot; a term used in mainland China to refer to people from Taiwan

countryman living abroad who retains their original citizenship

the thin semi-permeable layer surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell that controls the movement of substances in and out

(biology) mother cell; matricyte

The core part of a cell that contains genetic material and controls its growth and reproduction.

nerve cell; neuron; a functional unit of the nervous system

Any of the cells that make up bone tissue; specifically a mature bone cell.

the branch of biology that studies the structure, function, and reproduction of cells

any cell located in the brain, including neurons and glial cells; functions as the basic structural and functional unit for thought and physical control

cells found in the blood, including [[红细胞|紅細胞|hong2 xi4 bao1]], [[白细胞|白細胞|bai2 xi4 bao1]], and [[血小板|血小板|xue4 xiao3 ban3]]

A cell used in reproduction, such as a sperm or egg; germ cell; gamete

somatic cell; any cell of a living organism other than the reproductive cells

single biological cell

The semi-transparent jelly-like substance inside a cell, consisting of all the material between the cell membrane and the nucleus; responsible for metabolism and storage

A type of white blood cell that develops from B cells and produces large amounts of antibodies to fight infection; also known as a plasmocyte.

a rigid layer located outside the cell membrane in plants, fungi, and bacteria that provides support and protection

reproductive cell; germ cell

female reproductive cell; ovum; ootid

younger brother born of the same parents; full younger brother

Any of the specialized structures within a cell that perform specific functions, such as mitochondria or ribosomes.

an immature male sex cell formed from a secondary spermatocyte that can develop into a spermatozoon without further division

an elder brother born to the same parents as oneself

a younger sister born of the same parents; full younger sister

Tibetan people; a term referring to ethnic Tibetans as fellow countrymen

cytosine (C); a nitrogenous base that pairs with [[鸟嘌呤|鳥嘌呤|niao3 piao4 ling4]] in DNA and RNA (sometimes also used to refer to the nucleoside or nucleotide)

(loanword) Burmese term for "kin" or "compatriot", used to describe the fraternal relationship between the people of Myanmar and China.

elder sister born of the same parents; biological elder sister

prokaryote; prokaryotic cell

brothers born to the same parents

The placenta and fetal membranes of a human or mammal that are discharged from the uterus after birth; also used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat weakness or fatigue.

(botany) a type of water-conducting cell in the xylem of plants, lacking perforated end-perforated end plates

To see all people as one's brothers and sisters and all things as being of the same kind; refers to a spirit of universal love and being kind to people and animals.

fellow countryman in distress; specifically used for citizens or overseas nationals suffering from natural disasters or political turmoil

One's father's younger brother born of the same parents; a blood uncle

three children or animals born at the same birth

any cell that makes up the tissue covering the internal and external surfaces of the body; epidermal cell

neutrophil, which is the most common type of white blood cell

a discrete model studied in computer science and mathematics consisting of a regular grid of cells