- 自 prepositionfromfrom; since; used in formal or written contexts to indicate a starting point in time or space
- 上 adjectivenounuppertop; higher; superior; better; used to describe something in a higher position or rank
- 而 prepositiontoIndicates a transition or progression from one state or place to another; to; through to.
- 下 locativebelowlow place; bottom; underneath; (bound form) used after a noun to indicate a scope, condition, or time