- 台湾地区 táiwāndìqū Taiwan regionThe geographic area including Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu, and other areas currently under the jurisdiction of the government in Taiwan
- 台湾人 táiwānrén Taiwanese persona person from Taiwan; Taiwanese people
- 台湾省 táiwānshěng Taiwan Province (PRC)an administrative division of the People's Republic of China, which claims but does not exercise control over Taiwan
- 台湾海峡 táiwānhǎixiá Taiwan StraitThe body of water separating the island of Taiwan from mainland China.
- 台湾岛 táiwāndǎo Taiwan Islandthe main island of Taiwan
- 台湾大学 táiwāndàxué National Taiwan UniversityThe largest national university in Taiwan, located in Taipei; formerly known as Taihoku Imperial University.
- 台湾话 táiwānhuà Taiwanesethe Southern Min dialect spoken in Taiwan
- 台湾电视公司 táiwāndiànshìgōngsī Taiwan Television EnterpriseTaiwan Television, the first terrestrial television station in Taiwan, established in 1962
- 台湾工商界 táiwāngōngshāngjiè Taiwanese business circlesthe industrial and commercial sectors of Taiwan collectively
- 台湾帝雉 táiwāndìzhì mikado pheasanta species of pheasant endemic to the mountains of Taiwan, known for the metallic blue plumage and white tail bars of the male
- 台湾平菇 táiwānpínggū abalone mushrooma variety of oyster mushroom with a thick, fleshy texture and a flavor reminiscent of seafood
- 台湾戴菊 táiwāndàijú flamecrest(bird species) flamecrest (Regulus goodfellowi), a kinglet endemic to the mountains of Taiwan
- 台湾拟啄木鸟 táiwānnǐzhuómùniǎo Taiwan barbetTaiwan barbet (Psilopogon nuchalis), a bird species endemic to Taiwan
- 台湾斑翅鹛 táiwānbānchìméi Taiwan barwingTaiwan barwing (Actinodura morrisoniana), a bird species endemic to Taiwan
- 台湾斑胸钩嘴鹛 táiwānbānxiōnggōuzuǐméi black-necklaced scimitar babblera species of bird native to Taiwan (Erythrogenys erythrocnemis)
- 台湾林鸲 táiwānlínqú collared bush robina bird species endemic to high altitudes in Taiwan; scientific name Tarsiger johnstoniae
- 台湾校园歌曲 táiwānxiàoyuángēqǔ campus folk songsTaiwanese campus folk songs or the music movement originating from university students in Taiwan during the 1970s and 1980s
- 台湾棕噪鹛 táiwānzōngzàoméi rusty laughingthrusha bird species endemic to Taiwan, also known by the scientific name Pterorhinus poecilorhynchus
- 台湾棕颈钩嘴鹛 táiwānzōngjǐnggōuzuǐméi Taiwan scimitar babblerTaiwan scimitar babbler (Pomatorhinus musicus), a bird species endemic to Taiwan
- 台湾民主自治同盟 táiwānmínzhǔzìzhìtóngméng Taiwan Democratic Self-Government LeagueTaiwan Democratic Self-Government League; one of the eight legally recognized political parties in the People's Republic of China, founded in 1947
- 台湾独立 táiwāndúlì Taiwan independencethe movement or political goal advocating for the sovereignty of Taiwan as a nation separate from China
- 台湾独立建国运动 táiwāndúlìjiànguóyùndòng Taiwan independence movementthe political movement that advocates for the independence of Taiwan and the establishment of a sovereign state
- 台湾猕猴 táiwānmíhóu Formosan rock macaqueMacaca cyclopis, a primate species endemic to Taiwan with brownish-grey fur and a thick tail
- 台湾猴 táiwānhóu Formosan rock macaqueA species of macaque native to Taiwan with brownish-grey fur, a round head, and a thick, hairy tail; also known as the [[台湾猕猴|臺灣獼猴|tai2 wan1 mi2 hou2]]
- 台湾画眉 táiwānhuàméi Taiwan hwameia species of songbird found in Taiwan
- 台湾白喉噪鹛 táiwānbáihóuzàoméi rufous-crowned laughingthrusha bird species endemic to Taiwan (Pterorhinus ruficeps)
- 台湾相思 táiwānxiāngsī Taiwan acaciaAcacia confusa, an evergreen tree native to Taiwan, the Philippines, and parts of Southeast Asia, commonly used for timber, charcoal, and erosion control
- 台湾省物资局 táiwānshěngwùzījú Taiwan Provincial Bureau of Suppliesthe provincial government agency responsible for the administration and distribution of essential goods and materials in Taiwan
- 台湾短翅莺 táiwānduǎnchìyīng Taiwan bush warbler(bird species of China) Taiwan bush warbler (Locustella alishanensis)
- 台湾第四核能发电厂 táiwāndìsìhénéngfādiànchǎng Fourth Nuclear Power PlantFourth Nuclear Power Plant of Taiwan, located in Gongliao District, New Taipei City
- 台湾紫啸鸫 táiwānzǐxiàodōng Taiwan whistling thrush(bird species) Taiwan whistling thrush (Myophonus insularis), a bird endemic to Taiwan
- 台湾蓝鹊 táiwānlánquè Taiwan blue magpieTaiwan blue magpie (Urocissa caerulea), a species of bird found only in Taiwan
- 台湾资本 táiwānzīběn Taiwanese capitalfunds or capital originating from Taiwan or invested by Taiwanese enterprises
- 台湾酒红朱雀 táiwānjiǔhóngzhūquè Taiwan rosefincha species of bird (Carpodacus formosanus)
- 台湾间谍 táiwānjiàndié Taiwan spyan espionage agent or spy working for Taiwan
- 台湾闽南语罗马字拼音方案 táiwānmǐnnányǔluómǎzìpīnyīnfāng'àn Tai-loTaiwanese Southern Min Romanization System, the official romanization for Taiwanese Hokkien published by the Ministry of Education in Taiwan
- 台湾雀鹛 táiwānquèméi grey-cheeked fulvettaa bird species endemic to Taiwan (Alcippe morrisonia), also known as the Morrison's fulvetta
- 台湾鹎 táiwānbēi Styan's bulbula bird species of China also known as the Taiwan bulbul (Pycnonotus taivanus)
- 台湾鹪鹛 táiwānjiāoméi Taiwan cupwing(bird species) Taiwan cupwing; also known as the Taiwan wren-babbler (Pnoepyga formosana)
- 台湾黄山雀 táiwānhuángshānquè yellow titthe Taiwan yellow tit (Machlolophus holsti), a species of bird endemic to Taiwan
- 台湾光复节 táiwānguāngfùjié Taiwan Restoration DayTaiwan Restoration Day, a public holiday on October 25th commemorating the end of Japanese colonial rule in 1945.
- 台湾区运动会 táiwānqūyùndònghuì Taiwan Area Gamesformer name of the National Games of Taiwan, a major multi-sport event
- 台湾同胞 táiwāntóngbāo Taiwanese compatriotsfellow countrymen from Taiwan or people of Taiwanese origin
- 台湾商人 táiwānshāngrén Taiwanese businessmanbusinessman from Taiwan or a Taiwanese company
- 台湾国语 táiwānguóyǔ Taiwan Mandarin; Taiwanese-accented MandarinA variety of Mandarin spoken in Taiwan characterized by phonological and lexical influence from Taiwanese Hokkien
- 台湾土狗 táiwāntǔgǒu Formosan Mountain DogFormosan Mountain Dog; a breed of hunting dog native to Taiwan
- 台湾学术网路 táiwānxuéshùwǎnglù TANetTaiwan Academic Network; an integrated intercollegiate computer network in Taiwan used for information exchange and resource sharing among academic institutions
- 台湾山鹧鸪 táiwānshānzhègū Taiwan partridgea bird species endemic to Taiwan, also known as the white-throated hill partridge