To land a spacecraft on the surface of a planet at a low enough speed to avoid damage; also refers to the landing itself.

landing field; landing site; landing ground

a flight from one location to another without any landings in between

(aviation) a crash landing or descent of a spacecraft or airplane onto a planet surface at high speed, often resulting in damage; opposite of [[软着陆|軟著陸|ruan3 zhuo2 lu4]]

to make an emergency landing

a location where a vehicle or aircraft lands

precision radio navigation system that provides guidance to an aircraft approaching and landing on a runway, used especially during low visibility