- 白血球 báixuèqiú white blood cellwhite blood cell; leukocyte; an older name for [[白细胞|白細胞|bai2 xi4 bao1]] that remains common in usage
- 红血球 hóngxuèqiú red blood cellerythrocyte; red blood cell. Also known as [[红细胞|紅細胞|hong2 xi4 bao1]].
- 白血球过多症 báixuèqiúguòduōzhèng leukemiaa type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow, characterized by an abnormal increase in white blood cells
- 红血球生成素 hóngxuèqiúshēngchéngsù erythropoietinA hormone or glycoprotein produced mainly by the kidneys that stimulates the production of red blood cells by the bone marrow
- 镰状红血球贫血症 liánzhuànghóngxuèqiúpínxuèzhèng sickle-cell anemiaa genetic blood disorder characterized by red blood cells that are shaped like a sickle or crescent moon