private educational institution or preparatory school providing supplementary instruction, often to prepare for entrance exams or professional certification (common in Taiwan)

Harmful or excessive cram sessions, typically involving rote memorization and high pressure, resulting from an overemphasis on test scores.

A school that provides extra coaching or remedial classes, often attended outside of regular school hours; specifically for exam preparation or making up for missing knowledge.

Education provided to adults or young people who have missed their chance for standard schooling or who are currently employed, intended to provide them with knowledge or skills necessary for daily life and work.