谨启
jǐn​qǐ

respectfully inform

谨 jǐn prudent Simplified

Phonosemantic compound. 讠 represents the meaning and 堇 represents the sound. Simplified form of 謹.

Components

讠
讠 Meaning component
yán speech

讠 is a component form of 言.

堇
堇 Sound component
jǐn, qín, jìn clay

Sources

Readings & variants
Unicode

启 qǐ open Simplified

Simplified form of 啟. Depicts a hand (又) opening a door (户) of an opening (口). The 又 (hand) component was later removed for simplification.

Components

户
户 Iconic component
hù, hu door
口
口 Iconic component
kǒu, kou mouth

Depicts an opening.

又
又 Deleted component
yòu again

Depicts a hand.

Character Evolution

Oracle form
Oracle Bone ~1250-1000 BC
Oracle form
Oracle Bone ~1250-1000 BC
Seal form
Seal Shuowen ~100 AD
Regular Modern

Historical Pronunciations

Middle ChineseOld ChineseGloss
Baxter-SagartkhejXkʰˤijʔ open (v.)

說文解字

《說文》：“启，開也。从戶，从口。”

Sources

Character origin
漢語多功能字庫
Readings & variants
Unicode
Historical pronunciations
Baxter-Sagart
Historical images
Academia Sinica
Etymology
Shuowen Jiezi (說文解字)

謹 jǐn prudent Traditional

Phonosemantic compound. 言 represents the meaning and 堇 represents the sound.

Components

言
言 Meaning component
yán speech
堇
堇 Sound component
jǐn, qín, jìn clay

Character Evolution

Bronze form
Bronze Late Spring and Autumn ~500 BC
Seal form
Seal Shuowen ~100 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Qin 221-206 BC
Clerical form
Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Eastern Han 25-220 AD
Regular Modern

Historical Pronunciations

Middle ChineseOld ChineseGloss
Baxter-Sagartkj+nXkə[r]ʔattentive, careful
Zhengzhangkɯnʔ

說文解字

愼也。从言堇聲。

Sources

Readings & variants
Unicode
Historical pronunciations
Baxter-SagartZhengzhang Shangfang
Historical images
Academia Sinica
Etymology
Shuowen Jiezi (說文解字)

啟 qǐ open Traditional

Depicts a hand (又) opening a door (户) of an opening (口). The 又 (hand) component was later reanalyzed as meaning component 攵.

Components

户
户 Iconic component
hù, hu door
口
口 Iconic component
kǒu, kou mouth

Depicts an opening.

攵
攵 Meaning component
pū tap

攵 is a component form of 攴.

Character Evolution

Oracle form
Oracle Bone ~1250-1000 BC
Oracle form
Oracle Bone ~1250-1000 BC
Oracle form
Oracle Bone ~1250-1000 BC
Oracle form
Oracle Bone ~1250-1000 BC
Bronze form
Bronze Late Shang ~1100 BC
Bronze form
Bronze Late Shang ~1100 BC
Bronze form
Bronze Mid Warring States ~300 BC
Seal form
Seal Warring States (Chu) 475-221 BC
Seal form
Seal Western Han 202 BC-9 AD
Seal form
Seal Western Han 202 BC-9 AD
Seal form
Seal Shuowen ~100 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Qin 221-206 BC
Clerical form
Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Western Jin 266-316 AD
Regular Modern

Historical Pronunciations

Middle ChineseOld ChineseGloss
Baxter-SagartkhejXkʰˤijʔopen (v.)
Zhengzhangkʰeːʔ

說文解字

《說文》：“啟，教也。从攴，启聲。《論語》曰：‘不憤不啟。’”

Sources

Character origin
漢語多功能字庫
Readings & variants
Unicode
Historical pronunciations
Baxter-SagartZhengzhang Shangfang
Historical images
Academia Sinica
Etymology
Shuowen Jiezi (說文解字)