- 岂 豈 adverbhowUsed in formal or literary writing to form a rhetorical question, asking "how" or "how can it be that..."
- 不 adverbnotNegative adverb used before verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs to indicate negation; also used as a bound-form prefix to form terms with opposite meanings
- 是 verbto beto be; to correspond to; connects a subject to its identification, characterization, or identity