- 辩证法 biànzhèngfǎ dialecticsthe dialectical or Socratic method of debate; the philosophical study of the general laws of motion, development, and change in things
- 辩证唯物主义 biànzhèngwéiwùzhǔyì dialectical materialismTheory in Marxist philosophy that views the world as material and in a constant state of change through the struggle of opposites; the combination of materialism and dialectics.
- 唯物辩证法 wéiwùbiànzhèngfǎ dialectical materialismA philosophical method developed by Marx and Engels describing the fundamental laws of nature, society, and thought, based on the idea that material reality develops through the unity of opposites.
- 马克思主义辩证法 mǎkèsīzhǔyìbiànzhèngfǎ Marxist dialecticsMarxist dialectical method, which considers the world as a complex of processes and is used to analyze social development and natural phenomena